Washington Native Plant Society: Starflower Image Herbarium

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Native Plants that do not produce flowers

	*Abies amabilis* Pacific Silver Fir An attractive conifer with short dark green needles. Tolerant of shade.
	*Abies grandis* Grand Fir Abies grandis is a tall, straight tree with short, dense branches. Height: 130-260 feet (40-80 meters).
	*Adiantum aleuticum* Maidenhair Fern This delicate, deciduous fern has five to seven fingerlike branchlets each bearing many toothed leaflets. Height: 1-2 feet tall. None; produces spores on edges of undersides of leaflets.
	*Athyrium filix-femina* Lady Fern Tall, delicate, light-green fronds from a basal cluster. Height: Grows 3-6 feet (2 meters) tall. None; produces spores.
	*Blechnum spicant* Deer Fern Dark green fern leaves grow in tufts from short, stout rhizomes. Height: Up to 40 inches (1 meter) tall. None; produces spores on special modified leaves held upright above the vegetative leaves.
	*Dryopteris expansa* Spiny Wood Fern A semi-evergreen fern of woodland areas with triangular fronds from a stout rhizome. Height: To 3 feet (1 meter) tall.
	*Equisetum arvense* Field Horsetail Succulent, hollow, jointed stems with whorls of branches. Height: 6-24 inches (15-60 cm). Horsetails reproduce by spores, and do not have flowers; green spores are produced in flesh-colored cone at tip of fertile stem.
	*Equisetum telmatiea* Giant Horsetail More robust and larger than common horsetail. Sheaths around its sterile stems have 14-18 teeth. Height: 3-7.5 (10) feet tall; 1-2.3 (3) meters tall. Horsetails reproduce by spores, and do not have flowers; green spores are produced in flesh-colored cone at tip of fertile stem.
	*Gymnocarpium dryopteris* Oak Fern Delicate, deciduous fronds. Usually solitary, but often forms a mat of herbaceous cover in forests. Height: To 16 inches (40 cm). None; produces spores in small, circular, sori arranged in two rows on lower leaflets; indusia lacking.
	*Larix occidentalis* Western Larch
	*Picea sitchensis* Sitka spruce Large tree with horizontal branches and drooping branchlets Height: Up to 200 feet (60 meters) tall. Cones. Pollen cones red; seed cones 5-8 cm (2-3 in) long, cylindrical, reddish-brown becoming brown, with thin, wavy, irregularly toothed scales.
	*Pinus contorta* Shore Pine Short pine tree, often with crooked trunk and bushy habit. Height: Up to 100 feet (30 meters). Pollen cones small, reddish-green in clusters on tips of branches in spring.
	*Polystichum munitum* Sword Fern A large attractive fern with erect evergreen fronds forming a circular crown. Height: 3-5 feet (1-1.5 meters). Produces spores in circular sori located halfway between the mid-vein and the margin in rows of two. Insidium is round with fringed margins.
	*Pseudotsuga menziesii* Douglas fir Large coniferous tree with thick, fluted bark. Height: Up to 300 feet (90 meters). Pollen cones reddish-brown, small.
	*Pteridium aquilinum* Bracken Fern Rhizomous perennial fern with large, much-divided solitary fronds, Height: Usually 3-6 feet (1-2 meters) tall, sometimes taller. Produces spores. Sori marginal, continuous, covered by rolled leaf margin; indusium not evident.
	*Taxus brevifolia* Western Yew Low-growing conifer with deep red-brown bark, flattened sprays of needles, and red berry-like cones.
	*Thuja plicata* Western Red Cedar Large conifer with branches that droop and then turn back up (J-shaped), broad crowns. Height: 100-230 feet (30-70 meters). Pollen cones are small and numerous, pollen and seed cones occur on separate branches, pollen cones are 2 mm long and narrowly cylindrical, female cones are 10-19 mm long and stubby; primary color: woody-brown.
	*Tsuga heterophylla* Western hemlock
	*Tsuga mertensiana* Mountain Hemlock Slow growing evergreen conifer. Height: Up to 40 meters (130 ft) tall, but often shorter. Male pollen cones bluish-green.

The landscaping and restoration information provided on this page is taken from Starflower Foundation Image Herbarium. All photographs © Starflower Foundation unless otherwise noted.